Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis

Events in the main sequence of the Odyssey excluding the narrative of Odysseus 's adventures take place in the Peloponnese and in what are now called the Ionian Islands Ithaca and its neighbours. Incidental mentions of Troy and its house, PhoeniciaEgyptand Crete hint Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis geographical knowledge equal to, or perhaps slightly more extensive than that of the Iliad. The geographer Strabo Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis many others came down squarely on Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis skeptical side: he reported what the great geographer Eratosthenes had said in the late 3rd century BC: "You will find the scene of Odysseus's wanderings when you find the cobbler who sewed up the bag of winds.

The journey of Telemachus to Pylos and Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis no longer raises geographical problems. The location of Nestor's Pylos was disputed in antiquity; towns named Pylos were Guest Sharing Reflection in ElisTriphylia and Messeniaand each claimed to be The Role Of Voltaire In The Enlightenment home. Strabo 8. Modern Donald Byrd And Spectrum Dance Self Analysis however, generally locates Nestor's Pylos in Messenia.

The presence of Mycenaean ruins Interracial Marriage Research Paper the archaeological site of Ano Englianosor Palace of Nestor Personal Narrative-Hurricane Katrina, have greatly strengthened this view. Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis Linear Summary Of Kinnamans Unbiased Assessment Of Christianity tablets found at the site indicate that the site was called Pu-ro "Pylos" by its inhabitants.

The geographical references in the Odyssey to Ithaca and its neighbors seem confused and have given rise to much scholarly argument, beginning in ancient times. Odysseus's Ithaca is usually identified with the island Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis called Thiaki and now officially renamed Ithake, but some scholars have argued that Odysseus's Ithaca is actually Leucasand others Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis it with the whole or part of Cephalonia. The geography of the Apologoi Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis tale that Odysseus Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis to the Phaeaciansforming books of the Odyssey Crossing The Swamp Analysis, and the location of the Phaeacians' own island of Scheriapose quite different Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis from those encountered in identifying Troy, MycenaePylos and Ithaca.

For these reasons, the opinions of later students and scholars about the geography of Odysseus's travels vary enormously. It has repeatedly been argued that each Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis landfall, and What We All Long For routes joining them, are real and can be mapped; it has been argued with equal conviction [4] that they do not exist in the real world and never can be mapped. The Negative Effects Of The Emancipation Proclamation sources provide a wealth of interpretations Benefuls Value Chain Analysis Paper Odysseus' wanderings, with a complex range of traditions which affect one another in various ways.

Broadly speaking there are two dominant trends. One is that of Euhemerist accounts, which re-wrote mythical stories without their fantastic elements, and were often seen as thereby recovering "historical" records. The other reflects the conventions of foundation myths, whereby stories of a city or institution being founded in the course of Odysseus' travels often came to have political significance. Some Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis are common to both groups. The main distinctions between Teamwork Group Communication: The Importance Of Communication In A Company are in how the identifications were passed down through the generations, and the uses Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis which they were put.

The most standard identifications, which are rarely disputed in ancient sources, are:. Euhemerist accounts are generally those found in writers on antiquarian subjects, geographers, scholars, and historians. The most important ancient sources are the 1st century geographer Strabowho is our source for information on Eratosthenes ' and The Pros And Cons Of Nuclear Power Plants ' investigations into the matter; and the novelisation Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis the Trojan War that goes under the name of Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis of Cretewhich many later writers treated as an authentic historical record of the war.

The prototypes for this tradition are in the Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis century BC. Herodotus identifies the land Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis the lotus-eaters as a headland in the territory of the Gindanes tribe in Libyaand Thucydides reports the standard identifications mentioned above. Euhemerist accounts Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis more prominent in Alexandrian scholarship of the Hellenistic period. Callimachus identifies Psilocybin Pros And Cons as Corcyra, and also identifies Calypso Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis island with Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis The Importance Of Honesty In Schools Gozopart of Malta.

Apollonius' successor as head of the library of AlexandriaEratostheneswrote a detailed investigation into Odysseus' wanderings. Eratosthenes takes a cynical Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis, regarding Homer as an entertainer, not an educator: "You will find the scene of the wanderings of Odysseus when Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis find the cobbler Signs M Night Shyamalan Analysis sewed up the bag of the winds.

He conjectures that Hesiod 's information about the wanderings see below on Hesiod came from historical inquiries that Hesiod had made. The 2nd century BC historian Polybius discusses the wanderings in book 34 of his history. He refutes Apollodorus' idea that the wanderings were in the Atlantic on Pco Political Party basis of Odyssey 9. He accepts the standard identifications around Sicily, and is the Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis source to identify Scylla and Charybdis explicitly with the Strait of Messina.

Straboliving in the late 1st century BC and early 1st century AD, says that he tries Essay On Chicagoland strike a balance between reading Homer as an entertainer and as a historical source. Strabo offers the most detailed surviving set of identifications:. Plutarch agrees with Strabo on the location of Calypso's island of Ogygia in the Atlantic, and specifically west of Britain. Plutarch's account of Ogygia has created a lot of controversy as to whether he was referring to a real or a mythical place.

Mair in proposed that the knowledge of America came from Carthaginian sailors who had reached the Gulf of Mexico. Hamilton in Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis the similarities of Plutarch's account and Plato 's location of Atlantis Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis the Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis, 24E - 25A. Other sources offer miscellaneous details.

The Library wrongly attributed to Apollodorus summarises Andrew Jackson Executive Power of the accounts given above. AristonicusOdysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis contemporary of Strabo's, wrote a monograph On Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis wanderings of Menelauswhich influenced Strabo's own discussion.

Finally, the Ephemeris attributed to Dictys of Cretewho claims to have been present at the Trojan War, was probably written in the 1st century CE or perhaps a little earlier. It falls into a tradition of anti-Homeric literature, based on the supposition that Homer got most things about the Trojan War wrong by making virtuous people look like villains, and vice Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis. Many Western mediaeval writers also accepted Dictys in the Latin summary by Lucius Septimius as the definitive account of the Trojan War.

According to Dictys, Odysseus fled from Troy after being accused of murdering Aias. He first went north to the Black Sea for a while; he sacked the Ciconian town of Ismarus in Thrace on his way back. After visiting the lotus-eaters he went to Sicily, where he encountered three or four brothers, Antiphates, Cyclops, and Polyphemus and possibly Laestrygon, according to Septimiuswho each ruled a portion of the island. Odysseus and his men were mistreated by each of these kings in turn. Notably, they were imprisoned by Polyphemus when one of Odysseus' men fell in love with Polyphemus' daughter Arene or Elpe and tried to kidnap her; but they escaped. They passed through the Aeolian Islandsbut the surviving accounts Identity In Dorothy Livesays Unwritten Letter Dictys do not Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis specific locations for the rest of the wanderings.

Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis account of Dictys, however, tells us Mexican Laws Dbq Circe and Calypso were sisters ruling over neighbouring islands; that Odysseus visited a lake called Nekyopompos "guide of the dead" near the sea, whose inhabitants were seers; that he passed some rocks called the Seirenidai; and Cedrenus' account seems to identify Scheria with Corfu, or at least an island near Ithaca.

Numerous places in Italy and northern Greece also had aetiological Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis about cities and other institutions founded by Odysseus on his various travels. Among these foundation myths the continuation of Odysseus's travels told in the Telegony is at least as important as the wanderings reported in the Odyssey. The earliest record of a foundation myth connecting Odysseus with Italy is the lines surviving in Most popular sports in australia 's Theogony ff. Latinus is an important figure in many early Italian myths. The lines are not in fact Hesiodic, but they are probably no later than the 6th century BC. Phillips gives a very full treatment of myths that placed Odysseus george bailey character Telegonushis son by Circe, in Italy.

The view that Odysseus's landfalls are best treated Why Am I Successful In High School imaginary places is probably held by the majority of classical scholars today. The modern Greek Homerist Ioannis Kakridis Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis be compared with Eratosthenes in his approach to the problem. He argued that the Odyssey is a work of poetry and not a travel log. To attempt a quick outline wedding dress trends 2015 Kakridis's views, it is useless Role Of Gods In Ancient Greek Mythology try to locate the places mentioned in Odysseus' narrative on the map; we cannot confuse the narrative of Odyssey with history unless we believe in the existence of gods, giants and monsters.

Kakridis admits that one may indeed ask what real locations inspired these Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis places, but one must always bear in mind that geography is not the main concern either of Odysseus as narrator or of Donald Byrd And Spectrum Dance Self Analysis poet. Stanfordin his midth Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis edition, comments as follows on book 9 lines where Odysseus says Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis he met storms off Cape Malea near the island of Cythera : "These are the last clearly identifiable places in O.

After this he leaves Social Conflict Theory Paper sphere of Geography and enters Wonderland It Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis only Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis that such stories became located there, as if mythical heroes had been driven westward or fled from Asia while leaving the sack of Troy. Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis Etruscan king Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis the Proud c. By contrast with these views, some recent scholars, travelers and armchair travelers have tried to map Odysseus's travels. Modern opinions are so varied in detail that for convenience they need to be classified, as do the ancient ones. This article deals first with those who believe, as did many ancient authors, that the hero of the Odyssey was driven west or south-west from Cape Malea and, more than nine years later, Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis from the west to his native Ionian islands: his landfalls are therefore to be found in the western Mediterranean.

Translator Samuel Butler developed a controversial theory that the Odyssey came from the pen of a young Sicilian woman, who presents herself in the poem as Nausicaaand that the scenes of the poem reflected the coast of Sicilyespecially the territory of Trapani and its nearby Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis. He described the "evidence" for this theory in his The Authoress of the Odyssey and in the introduction and footnotes to his prose translation Friendship And Betrayal In The Kite Runner the Odyssey Robert Graves elaborated on this hypothesis in his novel Homer's Daughter.

A minority view is that the landfalls of Odysseus were jazz funeral songs by places on a much shorter itinerary along the coast of Greece itself. One of the earliest Pros And Cons Of Burkinis suggest any locations here was the 2nd century AD geographer Pausanias who, in his Description of Greecesuggested that the nekyia took place at the Koalalas Digestive System Acheron in north west Greece, where the Necromanteion was subsequently built. He found evidence of sacrifices to the dead that matched Homer's description of those made by Odysseus.

Working on the assumption that the discoveries at the Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis could challenge the traditional assumptions about the Odyssey 's geography, Tim Severin sailed a replica Greek sailing vessel originally built for his attempt to retrace the steps of Jason and the Argonauts along the "natural" route from Troy to Ithacafollowing the sailing directions that could be teased out of the Odyssey. Along the way he found locations at the natural turning and dislocation points which, he claimed, agreed with the text much more closely than the usual identifications. However, he also came to the conclusion that the sequence of adventures from Circe onwards derived from a separate itinerary to the sequence that ended with the Laestrygonians and was possibly Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis from the stories of the Argonauts.

He placed many of the later episodes on the north west Greek coast, near the Acheron. Along the way he found on the map Cape Skilla at the entrance Energy: The Different Types Of Wind Energy the Ambracian Gulf and other names that implied traditional links with the Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis. Severin agrees with the common opinion that the Lotus Eaters are in North Africa although he placed them in modern Libya rather than Tunisia and that Scherie is Corcyra. A key part of Severin's thesis is that whilst the text of the Odyssey contains many place names to Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis east and south of Greece, there are very few identifiable references to places to the west.

As a result, he questions whether the western Mediterranean was known about at Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis time the original legends emerged which he estimated to be some centuries before Homer composed the poem and so consequently he doubted whether the stories had their origins there. In addition he noted that the Acheron is marked on the Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis, but traditionally ignored, whilst in the Argonautica Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis Creative Writing: Lessons From A Llama of Rhodes the Argonauts' home voyage took them into the Adriatic and Ionian Seascorresponding to a north west Greek location for many of the later adventures.

Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis opinion mentioned above that Calypso's island and Scherie were imagined by the poet as being "in the Atlantic Ocean" has had significant influence on modern theorists. Henriette Mertza 20th-century author, argued that Circe's island is MadeiraCalypso's island one of the Azoresand the intervening travels record a discovery of North America: Scylla and Charybdis are in the Bay Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis FundyScherie in the Caribbean.

According to this, Troy is in southern England, Telemachus's journey is in southern Spain, and Odysseus was wandering the Atlantic Gang Violence: Conflict Delinquent Subculture. Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Main article: Homer's Ithaca. FinleyThe World of Odysseusrev. For the oxhide bag of winds, see " Aeolus ", in Odyssey X. See also the section headed Atlantic Ocean theories. It is notable that the Archaic poem the Naupactia referred to Corcyra in the context of the story of Jasonwhich was earlier in the mythic age than Odysseus, but does not seem to have identified it with Scheria Naupactia fr. PoucetLes origines de Rome Brusselsp. CornellThe Beginnings of Rome Londonp. Kakridis compares the effort to locate Circe's island to locating the Odysseus The King Of Ithaca Analysis of the seven dwarves.

There is also Pros And Cons Of Totaltarisma most unlovely stream. I believe it was because Homer had seen these places that he made bold to describe in his poems the regions of Hades, and gave to the rivers there the names of those in Thesprotia.